介词 "to" 在英语中具有多种功能和用途,掌握它的不同用法对于准确表达意思是非常重要的。它有多种用法,常用于表示方向、目的、关系、时间等。它能够连接名词、代词等,在句子中发挥不同的语法作用,以下是它的一些常见用法归纳总结。
表示方向或目的地:
用于表示运动方向或目标地点。
例如:she's going to the store. (她要去商店。)
表示接触或接近:
表示接触或接近某物。
例如:he held the book to his chest. (他把书放在胸前。)
表示给予或传递:
用于表示传递某物给某人。
例如:he g**e a present to his friend. (他送了一份礼物给他的朋友。)
表示时间或限制:
用于表示时间或限制。
例如:the store is open from 9 am to 5 pm. (商店营业时间是从上午9点到下午5点。)
表示关系或连接:
表示两个事物之间的关系或连接。
例如:the key to success is hard work. (成功的关键是努力工作。)
表示比较:在某些情况下用于表示比较。
例如:this cake is similar to that one. (这个蛋糕和那个蛋糕相似。)
表示参加:i received an invitation to a meeting next monday regarding the new project. (我收到了下周一有关新项目的会议邀请。)
作为不定式符号(infinitive marker)构成动词不定式。
she wants to learn a new instrument. (她想学一种新乐器。)
to 与 for 在表达“对于”的概念的区别:
在一些情况下,确实可以使用“to”表示直接影响,而“for”表示更间接的影响或价值。这种区别并非严格适用于所有情况,但在某些语境下可以体现出来。
例如:直接影响:
this medicine is good for you.(这种药对你有益。)(指健康的影响)
this food is bad for your health.(这种食物对你的健康不好。)(指健康的影响)
更间接的影响或价值:
this song is dedicated to you.(这首歌是献给你的。)(指歌曲的意义或价值)
this present is for you.(这份礼物是给你的。)(指礼物的意义或价值)
在这些例子中,“for”更多地表示对某人的利益或价值,而“to”则更多地表示直接影响或特定对象的指向。但是要注意,这个区分并非适用于所有情况,因为介词的使用在语言中常常是灵活变化的,还要考虑具体的语境和表达方式。
带有"to" 的固定搭配:
access to 进入;取得的方法。
she has access to the building.(她可以进入这栋建筑。)
according to 根据。
例句:according to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.(根据天气预报,明天会下雨。)
accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于。
例句:it takes time to accustom oneself to a new environment.(适应新环境需要时间。)
add to 增加。
例句:they decided to add to their team.(他们决定增加团队人数。)
add up to 加起来。
例句:the total expenses add up to $500.(总开销加起来是500美元。)
admit to 承认。
例句:he finally admitted to his mistake.(他最终承认了他的错误。)
agree to sth. 同意某事(比较:agree to do sth. 同意做某事)
例句:they agreed to the terms.(他们同意了这些条件。)
amount to 等于,达到。
例句:their s**ings amount to a significant sum.(他们的储蓄相当可观。)
apply oneself to 致力于。
例句:she applied herself to learning the language.(她专心学习语言。)
as to 关于;至于。
例句:as to your question, i'm not sure.(关于你的问题,我不太确定。)
attend to 专心;注意;照料。
例句:she needs to attend to her studies.(她需要专心学习。)
be / become / get accustomed to //accustomed to 惯于;有…习惯。
例句:she is accustomed to the cold weather.(她习惯了寒冷的天气。)
be / get / become used to 习惯于。
例句:he is used to working late.(他习惯了工作到很晚。)
be a stranger to 不习惯;对……陌生。
例句:she is a stranger to the city life.(她对城市生活感到陌生。)
be addicted to 沉溺于;对…上瘾。
例句:he is addicted to video games.(他沉迷于电子游戏。)
be adjusted to 适应。
例句:she is adjusted to the new schedule.(她适应了新的时间安排。)
be admitted to 被…录取;准进入。
例句:she was admitted to the university.(她被这所大学录取了。)
be attached to 附属于;喜欢;依恋。
例句:he is attached to his old toys.(他依恋他的旧玩具。)
be bad for (比较:对……有害处)
例句:smoking is bad for your health.(抽烟对你的健康有害。)
be bad to 对……不好。
例句:eating too much sugar is bad to your teeth.(吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。)
be close to 几乎;将近。
例句:the temperature is close to zero degrees.(温度接近零度。)
be compared to 被比喻成。
例句:the company's success can be compared to a rocket's ascent into the sky.(该公司的成功可以比作火箭冲向天空。)
be connected to 和…连在一起。
例句:the wires are connected to the main circuit.(电线连接到主电路。)
be devoted to 致力于;忠诚于。
例句:he is devoted to his job.(他忠于自己的工作。)
be due to do sth. 预定要做某事。
例句:the train is due to arrive at 3 pm.(火车预定于下午3点到达。)
be engaged to 与…订婚。
例句:she is engaged to john.(她和约翰订婚了。)
be equal to 和……相等。
例句:five plus five is equal to ten.(五加五等于十。)
be equal to 胜任。
例句:he is equal to the task.(他能胜任这项任务。)
be exposed to 暴露于;遭受。
例句:he was exposed to the sun for too long.(他暴露在阳光下太久了。)
be familiar to 为……熟悉。
例句:this place is familiar to me.(这个地方我很熟悉。)
be given to 沉溺于。
例句:he is given to drinking too much coffee.(他沉溺于喝太多的咖啡。)
be given to 喜欢;癖好。
例句:she is given to collecting stamps.(她喜欢收集邮票。)
be good to sb 对某人好(比较:be good for 对……有益处)
例句:she is good to her friends.(她对朋友们很好。)
be helpful to 对……有益处。
例句:regular exercise is helpful to health.(经常锻炼对健康有益。)
be important to 对……重要。
例句:education is important to success.(教育对成功很重要。)
be kind to 对……和善。
例句:she is kind to animals.(她对动物很和善。)
be known to 为…所知。
例句:his generosity is known to everyone.(他的慷慨大方为人所知。)
be loyal to 对……忠诚。
例句:he is loyal to his principles.(他对自己的原则很忠诚。)
be married to 和…结婚。
例句:she is married to john.(她和约翰结婚了。)
be new to 对……不习惯;对……陌生。
例句:he is new to this city.(他对这个城市还不熟悉。)
be open to 对……开放。
例句:the company is open to new ideas.(公司对新想法持开放态度。)
be opposed to 反对。
例句:she is opposed to the new policy.(她反对这项新政策。)
be particular to ……所特有的(比较:be particular about 对……过于讲究;挑剔)
例句:this beh**ior is particular to that region.(这种行为是那个地区特有的。)
be reduced to 沦为。
例句:he was reduced to tears.(他哭了起来。)
be related to 与…相关。
例句:this fact is related to our discussion.(这个事实与我们的讨论有关。)
be senior to 年龄长于……
例句:she is senior to him by two years.(她比他大两岁。)
be sentenced to 被判处。
例句:he was sentenced to five years in prison.(他被判了五年监禁。)
be similar to 和……相似。
例句:his beh**ior is similar to his brother's.(他的行为和他哥哥的相似。)
be subject to 服从;隶属;易遭受。
例句:all employees are subject to company policies.(所有员工需遵守公司政策。)
be useful to 对……有用。
例句:this tool is useful to fix the problem.(这个工具对解决问题有用。)
belong to 属于。
例句:the book belongs to the library.(这本书属于图书馆。)
cling to 附着。
例句:the vine clung to the side of the house, creeping upward.(藤蔓紧贴在房子的侧面,向上攀爬。)
come close to 几乎;将近。
例句:we came close to missing the train.(我们差点错过火车。)
come to 来到;达到;结果为 (比较:come to do sth逐渐做某事)
例句:the negotiations came to a successful conclusion.(谈判取得了成功的结论。)
contribute to 对…作贡献;有助于。
例句:her hard work contributed to the team's success.(她的努力工作为团队的成功做出了贡献。)
date back to 追溯到。
例句:the tradition dates back to ancient times.(这个传统可以追溯到古代。)
describe to 向……描述。
例句:she described to me her journey.(她向我描述了她的旅程。)
devote oneself to 献身于。
例句:he devoted himself to charity work.(他献身于慈善工作。)
do harm to 对……有害处。
例句:smoking does harm to your health.(吸烟对你的健康有害。)
do wrong to 冤枉某人。
例句:she didn't do anything wrong, but they accused her and did wrong to her.(她没有做错任何事情,但他们指责她并冤枉了她。)
drink (a toast) to 为……干杯。
例句:let's drink to a successful partnership.(让我们为成功的合作干杯。)
due to 由于;归因于……
例句:the cancellation was due to bad weather.(取消是由于恶劣的天气。)
fall to (某项工作、责任或任务)落到(某人身上)
例句:it falls to me to welcome our guests.(由我来欢迎我们的客人。)
feel up to 能胜任于。
例句:she feels up to the challenge.(她感觉能应对这个挑战。)
get down to 着手做。
例句:let's get down to work.(让我们开始工作吧。)
give an eye to 着眼于。
例句:we should give an eye to the details.(我们应该关注细节。)
give rise to 引起。
例句:his beh**ior g**e rise to suspicion.(他的行为引起了怀疑。)
happen to sb. 某人发生了……事。
例句:what happened to him yesterday?(昨天他发生了什么事?)
h**e an eye to doing 打算。
例句:he has an eye to investing in real estate.(他打算投资房地产。)
help oneself to 随便用……
例句:please help yourself to some food.(请随便吃点东西。)
hold on to 抓住;固守。
例句:she held on to her beliefs.(她坚守她的信念。)
hold to 坚持;抓住。
例句:he held to his promise.(他坚守自己的承诺。)
in / with regard to 关于。
例句:in regard to your question, i'll answer it later.(关于你的问题,我稍后回答。)
in / with relation to 关于;就……而论。
例句:there's no news in relation to the matter.(就这件事情而言没有消息。)
in addition to 除…之外。
例句:in addition to english, she speaks spanish.(除了英语,她还会说西班牙语。)
join… to… 把…和…连接起来。
例句:he joined the red wire to the black wire.(他把红线和黑线连接起来。)
lead to 导致。
例句:his actions lead to serious consequences.(他的行为导致了严重的后果。)
lead to 着手做。
例句:he leads to fixing the problem.(他着手解决问题。)
lead to 通向。
例句:this road leads to the beach.(这条路通向海滩。)
look forward to 盼望。
例句:she looks forward to meeting you.(她期待与你见面。)
look up to 尊敬。
例句:she looks up to her mentor.(她尊敬她的导师。)
make contributions to 对…作贡献。
例句:she makes contributions to charity regularly.(她定期向慈善机构捐款。)
next to ……的旁边。
例句:the park is next to the library.(公园在图书馆旁边。)
next to 几乎。
例句:he was next to broke.(他几乎破产了。)
object to / be opposed to 反对。
例句:he objects to their way of doing things.(他不赞同他们的做事方式。)
occur to sb. 想起;想到。
例句:it suddenly occurred to me that i had forgotten my keys.(我突然想起我忘带了钥匙。)
on one's way to 在去某处的路上;在达成某事的过程中。
例句:she was on her way to work when she received the call.(她在去工作的路上接到了**。
owing to 由于;因……的缘故。
例句:the event was canceled owing to bad weather.(由于恶劣天气,活动被取消了。)
pay a visit to 参观……
例句:they paid a visit to the museum last weekend.(他们上周末参观了博物馆。)
pay attention to 注意。
例句:please pay attention to the instructions.(请注意这些说明。)
prefer… to… 更喜欢。
例句:he prefers tea to coffee.(他更喜欢茶而不是咖啡。)
propose a toast to 提议……
例句:he proposed a toast to his friend's promotion.(他为他朋友的升职干了一杯。)
put an end to (bring… to an end) 结束。
例句:the argument was brought to an end by their apology.(他们以道歉结束了争论。)
put on's mind to 全神贯注于。
例句:she put her mind to finishing the project.(她全心全意地完成这个项目。)
reduce… to… 使…沦为。
例句:the natural disaster reduced the city to ruins.(自然灾害使这座城市变成了废墟。)
refer to 谈到;参考;查阅。
例句:please refer to the manual for more information.(请参考手册了解更多信息。)
reply to 回答。
例句:he replied to her question.(他回答了她的问题。)
respond to 回答;对…作出回应。
例句:he responded to her question quickly.(他迅速回答了她的问题。)
see to 负责;注意。
例句:she will see to the arrangements for the event.(她会负责安排活动。)
set an example to 给…树立榜样。
例句:he sets an example to his colleagues.(他给同事们树立榜样。)
set fire to 放火烧……
例句:they set fire to the building.(他们放火烧了建筑物。)
show honor to 向…表示敬意。
例句:they showed honor to their elders.(他们向长辈表示敬意。)
stick to 坚持。
例句:she sticks to her principles.(她坚持自己的原则。)
subject to 在……条件下;依照。
例句:subject to **ailability, we will proceed.(根据情况,我们会继续。)
sake / make a trip to 到…地方去。
例句:they took a trip to paris last summer.(他们去年夏天去了巴黎。)
sake to 喜爱;开始。
例句:he took to painting as a hobby.(他开始对绘画产生了兴趣。)
thanks to 多亏了;由于。
例句:thanks to your help, we finished on time.(多亏了你的帮助,我们按时完成了。)
the key to ……的答案。
例句:education is the key to success.(教育是成功的关键。)
total up to 总计达。
例句:the number of participants totals up to 50.(参与者的数量总共是50人。)
treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃……
例句:she treated her friend to dinner.(她请她的朋友吃晚餐。)
trust sth. to sb. 把某物委托给某人。
例句:she trusts the project to her colleague.(她把这个项目委托给了她的同事。)
turn a blind eye to 对…视而不见。
例句:the teacher turned a blind eye to the student's mistake.(老师对学生的错误视而不见。)
turn a deaf ear to 对…充耳不闻。
例句:he turned a deaf ear to their complaints.(他对他们的抱怨充耳不闻。)
turn to 转向;求助于。
例句:she turned to her friends for advice.(她向朋友求助寻求建议。)
when it comes to… 谈到……时。
例句:when it comes to cooking, she's the best.(说到做饭,她是最棒的。)
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